vendredi 14 novembre 2014
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Abcs Of Rebuilt Detroit Diesel Series 71
Engine OEMs, according to engine use and reliability required ofm, have set limits following ranges (wear test result): stationary engine (generator, large motor boat): 6-8 m / s, motor truck 8 to 9 m / s, automobile engine: 12-13 m / s and Motor racing: beyond 15 m / s. These limits determine the life of engine and its power in kilowatts or horsepower per liter of displacement (Rebuilt Detroit Diesel Series 71).
But it is a Danish merchant ship, Selandia, which was the first in 1912. It is equipped to moderate by other considerations, since it is above all submarines that were fitted. Thus, the French engineer Maxime Laubeuf fitted out its a diesel submarine Egret (1901) for gasoline engines while not developed enough power and steam engines, emitting excessive smoke would have been counterproductive, the concern is precisely to develop a discreet building.
Moreover, even if the engine is making significant progress in inter-war period, the steam remains dominant (heating coal being gradually abandoned in favor of heating oil). This is for example the case of Normandie or giant battleships of Second World War (Yamato, Bismarck). It was not until the second half of twentieth century to see diesel spill into sea transport (armed or not).
First designed for transport "heavy" (trucks in particular), the diesel-engine eventually earn a spot in individual or family car, even if the engine "essence" remains majority. In fact, diesel having a larger volume calorific value than petrol and enjoying a slightly more favorable taxation, engines are more economical to pump although more expensive to purchase and the maintenance.
As thermal gasoline engine, the diesel engine comprises sliding pistons in cylinders, closed by a yoke linking the cylinders to intake manifolds and exhaust valves and provided with a controlled camshaft. Its operation is based on self-ignition diesel, heavy fuel oil or crude vegetable oil (biodiesel or other) in air 1:20 cylinder volume (about 35 bar), and the temperature is raised 600 degrees C to 1500 degrees C.
The products of this reaction would summarize the carbon dioxide and water if the fuel contained only oil and if combustion was not complete and accompanied by side reactions. Combustion is exothermic, that is to say it gives off heat. If the fuel consisting entirely of hexadecane is assumed, the internal combustion reaction of diesel engine can described as a first approximation, by the equation of complete combustion hexadecane: hexadecane plus oxygen - carbon dioxide - water is 2.
Stoichiometry in "neutral" combustion (without excess oxygen), it is 3.46g of oxygen to burn 1g of hexa-decane or, for combustion air, 14.96g of air (dry assumed) per gram hexadecane. This neutral combustion will generate for each gram of hexa decane burned: 15.96g of gas, containing 11.30 g of dinitrogen, argon 0.19 g, 3.12 g of carbon dioxide (3.11 g from which the combustion hexa-decane) .
The reasons for the success of diesel engine in car, beyond tax benefits depend on political and not technical choices are mainly due to its higher than the gasoline engine efficiency. This performance can further enhanced by the implementation of innovative technologies: Supercharging utilizes a compressor to increase the amount of air (and thus oxygen) introduced into engine, which is particularly appreciable in elevation (and hence in aviation).
But it is a Danish merchant ship, Selandia, which was the first in 1912. It is equipped to moderate by other considerations, since it is above all submarines that were fitted. Thus, the French engineer Maxime Laubeuf fitted out its a diesel submarine Egret (1901) for gasoline engines while not developed enough power and steam engines, emitting excessive smoke would have been counterproductive, the concern is precisely to develop a discreet building.
Moreover, even if the engine is making significant progress in inter-war period, the steam remains dominant (heating coal being gradually abandoned in favor of heating oil). This is for example the case of Normandie or giant battleships of Second World War (Yamato, Bismarck). It was not until the second half of twentieth century to see diesel spill into sea transport (armed or not).
First designed for transport "heavy" (trucks in particular), the diesel-engine eventually earn a spot in individual or family car, even if the engine "essence" remains majority. In fact, diesel having a larger volume calorific value than petrol and enjoying a slightly more favorable taxation, engines are more economical to pump although more expensive to purchase and the maintenance.
As thermal gasoline engine, the diesel engine comprises sliding pistons in cylinders, closed by a yoke linking the cylinders to intake manifolds and exhaust valves and provided with a controlled camshaft. Its operation is based on self-ignition diesel, heavy fuel oil or crude vegetable oil (biodiesel or other) in air 1:20 cylinder volume (about 35 bar), and the temperature is raised 600 degrees C to 1500 degrees C.
The products of this reaction would summarize the carbon dioxide and water if the fuel contained only oil and if combustion was not complete and accompanied by side reactions. Combustion is exothermic, that is to say it gives off heat. If the fuel consisting entirely of hexadecane is assumed, the internal combustion reaction of diesel engine can described as a first approximation, by the equation of complete combustion hexadecane: hexadecane plus oxygen - carbon dioxide - water is 2.
Stoichiometry in "neutral" combustion (without excess oxygen), it is 3.46g of oxygen to burn 1g of hexa-decane or, for combustion air, 14.96g of air (dry assumed) per gram hexadecane. This neutral combustion will generate for each gram of hexa decane burned: 15.96g of gas, containing 11.30 g of dinitrogen, argon 0.19 g, 3.12 g of carbon dioxide (3.11 g from which the combustion hexa-decane) .
The reasons for the success of diesel engine in car, beyond tax benefits depend on political and not technical choices are mainly due to its higher than the gasoline engine efficiency. This performance can further enhanced by the implementation of innovative technologies: Supercharging utilizes a compressor to increase the amount of air (and thus oxygen) introduced into engine, which is particularly appreciable in elevation (and hence in aviation).
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